17 to deepen the spirit of the guidelines for insurance reform

17 to the spirit of the guidelines, insurance deepen educational reform, implementing the strategy Societe Generale, train and a large number of high-quality talent, is promoting the sustained and healthy development of the insurance industry to better serve the building of a harmonious socialist society the basic plan. Deepen educational reform and development of the insurance, we must implement the scientific concept of development, learn from foreign experience with Chinese characteristics and adhere to the integration of theory and practice, institutions and enterprises combined, continuing education and vocational education combined, integrated industry resources, use of Social resources, a multi-channel, multi-level education and training of the personnel system for exploring the road with Chinese characteristics and education insurance for the insurance industry fork soon to provide personnel support to the development. Insurance Institute of China in the scope of activities, organizations and community resources such as network has its own characteristics and unique advantages, should play an active service functions, to promote insurance education contribute to the reform and development.

Key words: insurance education; talent Industrial strategies; scientific concept of development and education resources; Society function

Zhejiang insurance sector reform and development of countermeasures and on the path

The insurance industry in Zhejiang Province since the resumption of operations, the overall size of the premium growth rate faster, especially middle-life insurance industry, the size of the insurance industry increased by the emergence of new growth inflection point. Zhejiang's economic development grew rapidly, to the insurance industry of Zhejiang has brought a rare opportunity, at the same time, produced some new risks facing many new challenges. Zhejiang insurance industry should focus on improving the future of the insurance market; insurance companies to deepen reform, strengthen independent innovation, increasing cooperation between the level of opening up; improve risk prevention mechanism, promote the industry infrastructure.

Key words: the insurance industry in Zhejiang Province; premium scale independent innovation

Private China's rural social endowment insurance plight of reflection

Since 1991, China's rural social endowment insurance system has initiated the development and consolidation of adjustment in two stages. At present, China's rural social endowment insurance system faces funding model, the Fund risks, the dishonesty, and many other issues. Faced with the above-mentioned problems, it is necessary to deeply reflect on "a good mind does it mean that good results", "The Government and the people of What kind of a game" and "the government and the market is what is a relationship." China's rural old-age security system to a large and serious problem, the urgent need to establish suitable for the rural old-age social security system; new "rural old-age security test" requires careful feasibility studies, the World Bank's "five pillars" of old-age security model to be learned from.

Key words: rural social endowment insurance fund risks, the Government broken its promise "five pillars"

China's insurance intermediary market and improve the status quo

The insurance market is a typical market information, information asymmetry of the two sides to increase the transaction costs. The existence of the insurance intermediary market to reduce the degree of asymmetry of information, lower transaction costs and is conducive to the improvement of parties to the transaction proceeds. But China's insurance intermediary system are not sound enough, the market order more confusion, lack of insurance intermediary personnel and other factors limiting the development of insurance intermediaries. To establish and improve China's insurance intermediary system, the need for the early development of insurance intermediaries and the characteristics of the defects, to study its system of formal arrangements.

Key words: the insurance intermediary market; formal system constraints; System Change

Private insurance market information theory Reviews

Private insurance market research information in the proposition can not be avoided, in the literature review on the basis of this analysis of the private insurance market research context: classical economics assumed complete information, it is not possible to become a private insurance information on the cornerstone of information The rise of economics, historical documents and more damaging information that the private insurance market efficiency of the recent literature in the residual information and multi-dimensional algorithm estimated on the basis of the insured risks the same in the future is unknown, so it is insurance, risk preferences, Wealth status of the insurance market is the impact of a balanced deciding factor.

Key words: insurance; private information; insurance market in balance

Outside of insurance

As China's reform and opening up and the constant deepening of the "going out" strategy to speed up the implementation, international cooperation increasingly widespread, from a substantial increase in personnel, civil increasing trade, and volatile international situation, the demand for offshore insurance growing . At present, China's offshore insurance there is a lack of supporting the security system, specific gaps in protection products, risk assessment lag, reimbursement mechanism is not sound, and other issues. Government should attach great importance to the development of offshore insurance, the implementation of compulsory insurance. Insurance companies should develop proprietary products, clearly dedicated channels, strengthen risk assessment, early warning mechanism.

Key words: offshore insurance; exit; risk assessment; early warning mechanism

Based on the economics of the bank insurance perspective on development model

Silver security cooperation has become the economic and financial development of one of the main trends. To conduct the analysis paradigm of economics, banking insurance as an innovative, on the international market was so rapid development of a deep background and reasons: because of the financial markets on the universality and necessity of risk, as a risk management tool The integration of banking or insurance with the objective basis for the development of the banking and insurance have the fundamental cause is the evolution of the non-rational behavior results can save transaction costs. Through the financial holding group of banks in the form of insurance business should be the Bank of China's insurance alternative development model.

Key words: banking insurance; acts of economics; silver-mode

On China's insurance market model of choice

In China's insurance market opening and development in the process of the insurance market in the mode of choice direct impact on the insurance industry's development and socio-economic stability. China's insurance market through analysis of the status quo, compare and learn from overseas models, combined with China's reality, and the insurance industry's own characteristics and the international economic environment, the future of China's insurance market model should be competition for monopoly-type market model, which is the way to achieve: Speed up the insurance market in the main cultivation; build insurance carriers, insurance marketing channel innovation to further improve the insurance laws and regulations, insurance regulatory functions of the changes and improves self-discipline and enterprise internal control system.

Key words: market model; monopolistic competition

On China's insurance market competitiveness of the Group

Insurance Group's overall control of the competition with the collaboration of China's Insurance Group is the core competition. Insurance Group to promote healthy competition, regulators need to be clear, pre-empt regulatory vacuum; improve the regulatory system, effective control of operational risk, strengthening market supervision, and actively prevent unfair competition. Insurance Group enhance the overall competitiveness of the focus on the development path is: mutual benefit, the establishment of the internal market of the resource sharing mechanism to strengthen controls, the establishment of the risk of internal firewall system established authority, the establishment of smooth conduction of the strategy and execution system; reducing the burden To improve efficiency, and the establishment of sustainable development mode of operation.

Key words: insurance market; Group of competition

China's insurance industry to develop evaluation indicators of

Although China's total insurance has maintained rapid growth, but in the macroeconomic, social and economic security system and the role of the financial system is still limited. At the same time, the insurance industry restructuring is not sufficient and hair, a less efficient allocation of resources. Therefore, in order to promote China's insurance sector for the further development of the future, the focus is to further improve the efficiency of resource allocation insurance, the insurance that is focused on restructuring and efficiency improvement.

Key words: Insurance; evaluation indicators; restructuring; efficiency

Insurance Institute of China's insurance sector a number of issues of international development studies

China's insurance industry has a number of international made significant progress. The trend of economic globalization continue to strengthen, China firmly promote reform and opening up and development of the insurance industry restructuring, continuously improve the financial system, insurance companies, fast-growing Chinese insurance industry is an important condition for international. At present, China's insurance industry in the sustainable development of the insurance companies, insurance industry personnel, insurance companies, risk control, insurance balanced development of trade in services, insurance and related international legal system with the insurance regulatory system building and there are still some contradictions and problems, we must accelerate the improvement of China's insurance policies of the international legal system, promoting foreign investment insurance to play an active role, and actively explore China's insurance sector "going out" strategy and policy measures to speed up construction of insurance personnel, establish and improve the insurance regulatory system, promoting international exchanges and insurance regulatory cooperation.

Key words: international insurance; insurance companies, insurance policies

Insurance Institute of survival and development of your innovation

In the new historical conditions, facing new opportunities and challenges, insurance learn how to survive and development, and constantly open up new prospects for the work of the Institute, should overcome the existing function of the Insurance Institute, institutional mechanisms, supervision and management still does not meet the new situation Demand for the issue, which requires its own Institute to focus on innovation, in the "academic legislature, innovation will be strong, Xinghui activities, gathering service" work on, improve service capabilities, coordination and ability to innovate, to promote the Institute of specialization, vocational And standardized construction, for which there was done, a while Granville, give full play to its functions, better for the insurance industry fast development of the service.

Key words: Insurance Institute; survival and development of innovation

On China's insurance corporate social responsibility

Business-to promote economic and social contribution to sustainable development, mainly through social responsibility to achieve. China's insurance corporate social responsibility and help to promote sustainable economic and social development and build a harmonious society. "Three rural" issue, catastrophic events and livelihood issues for China's insurance corporate social responsibility has brought valuable opportunities, but also facing China's insurance companies from both the supply and demand challenges. China's insurance companies to better shoulder more social responsibility that requires a multi-pronged, the insurance industry is the mainstay of social responsibility, should increase the intensity of innovation in enterprise management, product design, underwriting, claims and investment links have As; regulatory bodies and industry organizations should play its role in guiding and promoting the role.

Key words: insurance companies; social responsibility, social responsibility investment in sustainable development

The insurance industry will face challenges

In 2007 the insurance industry in recent years is the best year for the development of the situation, China's insurance market has maintained a rapid growth, structural optimization, raise efficiency, coordinated development of the good trend. However, substantial growth in insurance company profits, while freezing rain and snow this year since the disaster, from the tight monetary policy, financial trends and comprehensive management of the financial innovations are emerging and many other factors, the insurance industry in 2008 to the development of The uncertainty. Against such a backdrop, China's insurance industry can continue the development momentum of last year » How should the macro-control requirements following the sustained and rapid development and seek to find balance » With these questions, the insurance industry last year for the development of the hot and difficult, since the macroeconomic situation of this year, on the invitation of industry experts on the insurance industry this year may face the challenges of development and how to deal with in-depth dialogue.

Key words: the insurance industry; challenges of development

Insurance allocation of resources in government and the market

Government and market economics is a core proposition. Government and the market may be out of order, both have their role to play in the field. Analysis of China's insurance in the allocation of resources, should correctly view the Government and the role of the market and shortcomings, while giving full play to market in the allocation of resources based on the premise of the role, the Government established that the failure of the insurance market orientation of policy objectives to protect China's insurance resources And the optimal allocation of the sustainable development of the insurance industry.

Key words: insurance, the allocation of resources; Government; market

Relationship Marketing in the insurance business application

As China's market economy is deepening, a seller's market to a buyer's market gradually changes, competition among enterprises, more and more intense, relationship marketing came into being. The characteristics of insurance products, marketing and management decisions in the relationship between the importance of the insurance business. Insurance companies should focus on customers in the market, competitive markets, internal (employees) market and affected the market, such as expanding the market implementation of the so-called relationship marketing strategy.

Key words: relationship marketing, insurance companies; marketing strategy

On the insurance industry and cultural development and construction

In recent years the rapid development of the insurance industry for the insurance and cultural development has provided a solid material foundation. The insurance industry culture overall strength of the insurance industry as an important component of the relationship to the industry's vitality, creativity and cohesion. Insurance cultural construction, cultural construction implemented, the need to follow certain principles and the right approach, the common needs of industry-wide participation and tireless efforts.

Key words: insurance culture; development characteristics of cultural construction

On China's insurance industry in moderate scale

For the insurance industry in terms of economies of scale are especially important. From the empirical analysis of China's insurance industry is not obvious economies of scale. The largest of several insurance companies do not achieve economies of scale. Therefore they should be looking for a moderate scale at the present stage in order to achieve economies of scale, China's insurance industry and industrial efficiency. In this paper, economies of scale in the insurance industry on the basis of the evaluation criteria, the use of qualitative and quantitative methods of combining China's insurance industry on the scale for empirical analysis, which established China's insurance industry at this stage of moderate size, and proposed to achieve this modest scale Realistic way.

Key words: the insurance industry; economies of scale; moderate scale

China's insurance system changes on the impact of industrial development

The theory is that the new institutional economics, the system through the provision of a series of rules to define the people's choice, bound by the interrelationship between people, thereby reducing the competitiveness of uncertainty and transaction costs. Since 1980 China's insurance business has been re-opened, the practice has proved that the insurance industry in China from a planned economy to a market economy system changes in the course of the insurance industry open and market-oriented continuously improve, the market performance of steady growth, the development of the insurance industry Embarked on a self-reinforcing virtuous circle of development. These achievements, it is undoubtedly China's insurance industry regulatory system change the outcome.

Key words: system changes; development of the insurance industry; monitoring system

Insurance Outlook and theoretical research of hot issues

China's insurance recognize the current theoretical study the situation facing China's insurance is to further carry out theoretical research work. China's insurance theoretical research is a hot issue of insurance innovation, the insurance marketing system problems, industry credibility issues, policy issues and support services of a harmonious social problems. Insurance theoretical research, in order to improve the company, industry, social services in three areas of capacity, enhance their sense of responsibility and urgency, and raise the work of the initiative and creativity, Insurance Institute to continue to play in promoting insurance theoretical study of the important work Role.

Key words: insurance theoretical research, insurance innovation; functional theory; regulatory theory; corporate governance

Insurance employees on career development planning

Insurance staff career development plans directly related to the outstanding talents insurance groups formed and is conducive to strengthening the insurance staff of professionalism and responsibility, improving the staff of the insurance business of loyalty, enhanced insurance staff on the ability to adapt to the working environment, and promote self-insurance staff The realization of the value of the insurance business management system to provide multiple support, help insurance companies and employees to achieve a "win-win." Insurance employees in career development planning should follow the coordination of consultations, fair treatment and dynamic management, the principles of good at innovation. Insurance employees to achieve a career development plan, should focus on training staff to meet the psychological needs of continuous learning; carefully planned, clear career development goals; use of assessment tools, and promote the career development goals achieved to create a good atmosphere for the environment, improve work Participation.

Key words: career development planning study and training; goal planning; examination incentives; Ambience

Insurance play a role in building a harmonious road traffic environment

From the road safety measure an important indicator - 10,000 vehicles mortality rate, China's road traffic situation is not optimistic. Road safety issues need to resolve all aspects of social coordination and cooperation, the need for comprehensive management. Comprehensively promote. In road construction traffic management system in the process, insurance, automobile insurance in particular, plays a very important role. China's cross-risk implementation of the past year, the road traffic and build a harmonious environment, protect social stability, the role is gradually appear, and become China's road safety based on the importance of environmental systems. China's cross-promote the risk of the problems that exist in the process, China's insurance industry in the management of factors, the more insurance knowledge popularization of factors. Therefore, the insurance industry should recognize that raising the insurance industry of the management level, not only is the industry of their own development needs. Is to build a harmonious society.

Key words: road traffic; cross-risk insurance; traffic harmonious environment

Insurance Innovation Research

It is necessary to strengthen to promote insurance innovation and the rapid development of the insurance industry, should increase the insurance theory, the insurance system, insurance management, insurance products, insurance services, insurance regulatory innovation. Should focus on economic and social life, development policies and spending habits of urban and rural residents, increased insurance products and innovations in guiding insurance products from a seller's market to a buyer's market changes, the formation of community-oriented needs of the insurance product innovation system must change service concepts, Innovative means of service, service system reform, through the realization of innovative services to customers to provide satisfactory service and customer loyalty training, the combination of innovative services to customers through the creation of value; insurer's risk management with the focus of the after-cost, The homogeneity of products, services, and other characteristics of the breadth of its decision to the rapid development of insurance companies in the insurance business at the same time to strengthen management, to the ongoing management of innovation, so as to ensure sustainable development of the insurance industry.

Key words: insurance innovative insurance product innovation; innovative insurance services, insurance management innovation

International business accounting standards convergence on the impact of China's insurance industry

As China's market openness of the increased influx of competing to attract multinational companies, the objective of the changing economic environment of China's international accounting standards has urgent requirements. China's insurance international accounting standards convergence of the main elements are: the introduction of the concept of insurance risk, the introduction of the reserve adequacy of the testing, confirmed the separation of the business, clearly the accounting treatment of reinsurance business principles and benchmarks. Insurance accounting standards convergence on the international competitiveness of China's insurance industry, insurance companies, revenue and equity, transparency of the insurance industry, insurance risk management, re-insurance industry, the smaller insurance companies have affected the implementation of cost. China's insurance companies should be arranged through science and bond portfolio, the contract price adjustment, re-design of the original products, strengthening product innovation, use of strategic management accounting, and other international accounting standards to deal with the increasingly sequence

Key words: accounting standards; international convergence; risk management

In-depth study and implement the spirit of the party's 17 actively explore with Chinese characteristics development of the insurance industry road

The party's 17 largest in China's reform and development held the key to a very important stage of the General Assembly. In close connection with industry practice, in-depth study and implement the spirit of 17, is the insurance industry at present and for a period of the primary political task. Since the 16th Party Congress, China's insurance sector has achieved remarkable results, but there are still some obstacles to development constraints and unfavorable factors, showing a series of short-term characteristics. China's road of development of the insurance industry with the basic requirement is to uphold people-oriented, increasing the capacity of scientific development and services for building a harmonious society's ability to play to economic compensation, financial intermediation and social management functions; accelerate the development and properly handle the relationship between risk prevention, and the market mechanism Government to promote the relationship between economic returns and social benefits of the relationship, and promote innovation and strengthen the regulation of the relationship. The development of the insurance industry with Chinese characteristics is the main objective of efforts to improve the market system building, the business of the larger modern insurance industry; efforts to build broad service areas, bring into full play the functions of the modern insurance industry; good faith efforts to standardize the construction business, the more comprehensive competitiveness Modern insurance industry; efforts to build scientific supervision according to law, effectively preventing the risk of the modern insurance industry; efforts to build community support, good external environment for the modern insurance industry. 17 implement the spirit must be comprehensively implemented the scientific concept of development; further emancipate the mind, continue to deepen the reform of insurance; maintain good mental state.

Key words: the spirit of the 17th; the insurance industry with Chinese characteristics; harmonious society

On the new era of China's insurance industry innovation

In recent years, China's insurance industry has been developing faster, but the level is still low, the overall size of a small, low proportion in the national economy's inherent weaknesses. The economic compensation insurance, financial intermediation, and social management functions of the three have not yet brought into full play. China's insurance industry has entered a new stage of development, are facing some challenges, they are facing great opportunities for development. The insurance industry are moving towards globalization, integration and coordination of the trend of development, insurance innovation has become the mainstream of development, science and technology for the rapid development of the insurance industry has laid a solid foundation.

Key words: the insurance industry innovation; new risks; traditional insurable risk; catastrophic risk

Conscientiously implement the spirit of the party's 17 comprehensively implement the scientific concept of development and strive to create a new si

In 2007 the insurance industry in recent years is the best year for the development of the situation, the insurance market has maintained a rapid growth, structural optimization, raise efficiency, coordinated development of the good trend, reflected in concrete: the development of faster, better efficiency; service "three rural issues "Achieve new breakthroughs insurance reform to make new progress, such as insurance regulators continue to strengthen. At present, the insurance industry has been on the development of new starting point, entered a new stage of development, but in the initial stage of the basic pattern has not changed, fast enlarge and strengthen the primary task has not changed. The insurance industry usher in an unprecedented development opportunity, but also faced with unprecedented challenges, on the whole, the opportunities outweigh the challenges. 2008 and for a period of the work of the main points of insurance: fully implement the scientific concept of development, effectively change the mode of development; effectively strengthen supervision to improve to regulate the promotion and protection of the development of services based on security and people's livelihood and promote the focus of business development; reform Opening up and constantly improve the competitiveness of the insurance industry, strengthening the insurance cultural construction, shape and adapt to the modern insurance industry with the advanced cultural industry to enhance self-construction industry, long-term development of a pragmatic basis.

Key words: the party's 17 largest spirit of the scientific concept of development; development of the insurance industry

Hunan disaster relief in the insurance industry investigation and Thinking

Hunan disaster relief in the insurance industry played an active role in the industry and enhance the image: the disasters emergency work played an irreplaceable role in the social security system played a positive role in the completion of the deployment of the State Council, disaster relief centre Carry forward the task of the Tam-yong spirit of responsibility of the industry. The insurance industry from disaster relief work in full play their role not reflect on some aspects of the problem: If the insurance coverage of the small, disaster prevention and Loss Prevention is not in place, disaster contingency mechanism to be improved, such as absence of catastrophe insurance system. How to deal with disasters and better play its function of the insurance industry, recommends the following: grasp the opportunity to arouse the society to resolve the effective use of insurance risk awareness; extensive mobilization, build social relief system to prevent risk management; positive innovation, financial support for the establishment of national catastrophe insurance system ; Strengthen cooperation and formation of related departments linked risk prevention mechanisms; sum up experience, strengthen disaster prevention and Loss Prevention material and technological basis for protection.

Key words: Hunan, the insurance industry; low-temperature freezing rain and snow disaster; role to play

Catastrophe insurance in efforts to play the role of risk management for the building of a harmonious socialist society and make contributions

How to effectively manage catastrophic risk, is a worldwide problem and the major issue, the insurance industry is also facing contemporary challenges. Early in 2008 in parts of southern China in a serious low-temperature freezing rain and snow disasters, the insurance industry in disaster relief work has played a positive role. Catastrophe risk is the fundamental characteristics of sudden strong, the risk of complex, the extent of losses, therefore, promote the establishment of suitable conditions of our country's catastrophe risk management system has become a top priority. Establish a complete and effective catastrophe risk management system, financial support, catastrophe insurance and social assistance in three areas one can not do, and the insurance of such a market mechanism should play an important role. The insurance industry should seize the rare opportunities for development, and accelerate China's catastrophe risk management system. The expansion of insurance coverage, all-round participation in catastrophic risk management, insurance industry efforts to enhance its ability to participate in the entire process of catastrophe risk management, strengthen research, and gradually establish a complete catastrophe insurance system.

Key words: catastrophe risk management, insurance system; Management System

Catastrophe insurance market and cause catastrophic failures of public management model analysis

Catastrophic risk not only of today's human society has caused tremendous threat to commercial insurance companies also made a tremendous challenge. Traditional theory that lead to catastrophic failure of the main reasons the market is asymmetric information, but the essence of its relatively limited impact. Lead to market failures due to the objective of capital market imperfections and lack of liquidity, and the subjective will have to blame the insurance companies and the public's dislike ambiguity over-reaction. Catastrophe risk management needs of government and the active cooperation of commercial insurance companies. The establishment of mechanisms for the protection of our catastrophe responses: Catastrophe Reserve Fund; government to serve as "temporary loans" to provide temporary liquidity; catastrophe of the establishment of security, the formation of industry risk dispersion channels; issued catastrophe bonds, further spread the risks ; Strengthen the system construction, improve the enthusiasm of commercial insurance companies.

Key words: catastrophic risk; market failures; government intervention

From 2008 to low-temperature freezing rain and snow in China that followed the catastrophe risk prevention measures ①

In early 2008, in China's Yangtze River Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Nanling Mountains area in a serious low-temperature freezing rain and snow disaster, the disaster area caused widespread and profound impact. The disaster on China's catastrophic risk management system in the establishment of an important lesson should be innovative national catastrophe risk management systems; catastrophe should strengthen capacity-building; improve the government support of the catastrophe insurance system.

Key words: low-temperature freezing rain and snow disaster; catastrophic risk; catastrophe response; Countermeasures

30 years of reform and opening up the insurance and economic development Review and Outlook

30 reform and opening up, China's insurance industry is making significant progress in 30 years. Tremendous changes taken place in industry; ability to comprehensively improve services; industry influence to elevate. 30 Recalling the development process, each time the insurance industry development and progress, and China's reform and opening up process are closely related. For the country's reform and opening up the insurance industry to create a good environment for the development of insurance industry's own reform and opening up for the development of the industry into a powerful driving force and vitality. Future-oriented, the insurance industry to thoroughly implement the scientific concept of development, we must continue to unswervingly push forward reform and opening up, China's economic and social development is the inevitable choice, but also to achieve the insurance industry fast development of the inevitable choice. The insurance industry adhere to deepen reform, expand opening-up efforts, in accordance with the requirements of the scientific concept of development, further emancipate the mind, adhere to market-oriented mechanism to promote the Government for assistance, to focus on independent innovation, and actively explore China's insurance industry with the development path .

Key words: reform and opening up the scientific concept of development; emancipating the mind

Earthquake insurance: international experience and China's ideas

In this paper, four Chuan Wenchuan 2008 earthquake as the background to discuss the insurance in earthquakes and other catastrophic risk management in the role of earthquake insurance in China's history and current situation and the international earthquake insurance on the basis of a typical model comparison, the proposed insurance system in China earthquake Construction of the framework of thinking. The main conclusions of this paper is: earthquake insurance in catastrophe risk management, and so has a unique and important role, but China's catastrophe insurance is rather backward; earthquake insurance in China's development, in general, very limited, is rooted in a lack of Sets reasonable integrity of the earthquake insurance system; international earthquake insurance despite the typical model type model, the nature of institutions, compulsory or voluntary, individual or integrated in areas such as differences, but in the context of disasters, laws and regulations, the core institutions and government support, and other aspects of it Has obvious similarities, China Construction of the earthquake insurance system, should be laws and regulations, the core institutions, risk-sharing mechanisms, the provisions of the rate design, incentive and restraint mechanisms, such as the five aspects of the overall planning framework.

Key words: earthquake insurance; catastrophic risk; international experience in China's thinking

Research on earthquake insurance in China

China is an earthquake-prone countries, four Chuan Wenchuan earthquake once again sounded the alarm, the earthquake insurance system has been imperative. At this stage should be from China's actual situation and proceed from the actual operational level, China's earthquake insurance system, in particular the residential earthquake insurance system for urban residents of the building and put forward a specific proposal. This programme raised the need to identify a few basic principles, such as country-led, market operation; reunification plan, first division after reunification; first less difficult, and gradually promote the relative improvement, launched as soon as possible. Need to clear a few basic principles, such as the distinction between residential and non-residential buildings; distinction between urban residents and rural farmers residential housing; province established the earthquake insurance system. Need to resolve several basic issues, such as the model; underwriting capacity; Fund Guiji issues: liability and limit; pricing issues.

Key words: earthquake insurance system; basic principle of the basic principles of fundamental issues

United States and Japan catastrophic loss-sharing mechanisms Enlightenment to China - based on the insurance point of view

Catastrophe losses of the countries sharing the design of mechanisms exist some differences, creating different results. United States and Japan in the catastrophic loss-sharing mechanisms have a wealth of experience, catastrophe losses through insurance contribution has been very good cover. In this paper, the two countries in natural disasters, particularly in agriculture and earthquake disaster insurance to share the experience of the analysis, and reveal its common and successful experience to the mechanism of China's catastrophe losses related to the design and policy proposals, namely the establishment of giant Insurance disaster management response mechanism, establish multi-storey risk-sharing mechanism, vigorously foster reinsurance market players; improve the government to strengthen insurance supervision.

Key words: catastrophic loss-sharing, national flood insurance plan; agricultural insurance, earthquake insurance

0ECD countries the development of private pension funds and investment regulation

Population ageing is a global problem. In Europe and the United States, in response to pension payments crisis, to reduce the pension expenditure in the same time, generally encourages the development of private pension funds (and hosted by the Government of the difference between basic old-age pensions). In recent years, OECD countries in the private pension fund assets size. In the private pension fund investment supervision, OECD countries are mainly used in a "quantitative restrictions on principle" and "prudent person principle", and a more extensive use of "prudent person principle" trend. China in 2015 before and after will also face severe pension problems, extensively absorb learn from international experience, as soon as possible formulate relevant policies to encourage the development of private pension funds and preserve and increase the value, is the general trend.

Key words] OECD countries, private pension funds, investment regulation; quantitative restrictions on the principle of prudent person principle

Review of nuclear third party liability insurance ①

In Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage and the Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the field of nuclear energy amendment, the insurer produce a series of impact. If the compensation limit the supply of insurance; define the concept of nuclear damage; time; immunity; defence litigation costs and the high cost of claims processing that; terrorist responsibility, and other issues. These problems directly related to the development of insurance and even survival.

Key words: Vienna Convention on the Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the field of nuclear energy, nuclear third party liability insurance;

Environmental liability insurance system of international comparative study

In the process of industrialization, environmental pollution not only the occurrence of frequent and serious consequences. Individual polluting enterprises assume responsibility for the limited capacity, resulting in contamination victims, and public environmental damage often are not due compensation. For the spread of environmental pollution liability companies to maximize the protection of victims and minimize social costs, whether developed or developing countries have had useful exploration, the overall experience is that the introduction of insurance in the field of environmental protection mechanisms, the establishment of environmental pollution Liability insurance system. The United States, Britain, France, Germany, Sweden, Russia, India and other countries of environmental pollution liability insurance experience, to carry out similar work in China, provided a good reference.

Key words: environmental pollution liability insurance; voluntary insurance, compulsory insurance, environmental risks of dangerous substances

European insurance contract law harmonization and unification of the

For members of the insurance contract law and the difference in the resulting conflict, the EU has been using the rules of private international law to resolve the conflict. This approach was considered the insurance implications of cross-border transactions, but also makes the insurance market integration difficult to achieve. In order to change this situation, the European Economic and Social Commission proposed a "European insurance contract law," the legislative proposals, while the European Commission will be the insurance contract law as part of contract law, "the European Contract Law" by the level of legislative proposals, The discussions focused on "common frame of reference." At present, in all member states to retain the insurance contract law at the same time, introduced a single European insurance contract law for parties to choose the applicable contract, it is much more feasible.

Key words: EU; single market, insurance contracts; applicable law

Analysis of the European Union, "the first automobile liability insurance directive"

EC Council of Ministers formulated the "first automobile liability insurance directive" compulsory automobile liability insurance in the implementation of EU countries for the establishment of insurers, green office system amendment and the cooperation among the member states made clear, and so on , A convenient traffic accident victim's claim, and strengthen the protection of the interests of the victims, while promoting the establishment of a unified European single market process.

Key words: compulsory automobile liability insurance; green policies; national insurers,

British and American health insurance system and comparative study of China's Inspiration

States to study the medical insurance system are the essence of the market mechanism and arrangements for a mixture of the role of the size and weight of government intervention in shaping the way in a different mode of the medical insurance system. So, what kind of government and the market is the best combination of «To answer this question, we must first clear what factors determine a country's medical insurance system of government and market positioning. This paper will be integrated history and static perspective, the United Kingdom and the United States in-depth study of the medical insurance system, with a view to a very good understanding of the factors to determine the manner in which a country's government and the market in the medical insurance system in the role, China on this issue of the medical insurance system provide some help.

Key words: medical insurance system, medical insurance; Government; market

Sino-German insurance forms of organization and comparative analysis of relevant content

As China's financial opening up the insurance industry a comprehensive, in-depth understanding of Europe and the United States and other countries and regions of the insurance law, and with China's relevant laws and regulations contrast, is of great significance. Germany, for example, Germany and China in the establishment of insurance companies and forms of organization, senior management staff qualifications and legal responsibilities and the penalties for violations, and other aspects of the legal provisions have been different, but they are to their national conditions and The legal system, can learn from each other.

Key words: Insurance Companies form of legal liability; executives qualifications; violations punishment; insurance supervision

Ukraine small insurance market demand and the development of ideas

In a period of economic transformation of Ukraine Social Security is obviously insufficient to cope with very little risk of the types of mechanisms for the application of micro-insurance and offer the possibility of promotion. Because people do not trust the insurance companies, the purchase of a lack of desire to promote micro-insurance are difficult. To promote the development of micro-insurance, Ukraine insurance companies in addition to product innovation and promotion, but also based on the income of low-income families, purchase intention, the country's small insurance market is divided into three regions, and in accordance with each region The different characteristics of different market development strategy. This line of thought on China's next step the development of rural micro insurance. Has a reference.

Key words: Small insurance market demand; development ideas

Spanish agricultural insurance research and reference

Spanish agricultural insurance more mature, not only types of rich, and sound management mechanism, the Government supports strong, healthy development of the insurance companies. Its successful experience are: a clear function of the agricultural insurance; improve the agricultural insurance system of laws and regulations; government-led agricultural insurance system for multiple participants, integration of resources and achieve "win-win." Spain on agricultural insurance system and mechanisms for the development of agricultural insurance in China is of positive significance of the draw, China's agricultural insurance should be further defined the development orientation; formulated and promulgated agricultural insurance laws and regulations on the establishment of national agricultural insurance to support the comprehensive supporting policies to promote The development of agricultural insurance.

Key words: agricultural insurance; Spain

India's experience in the development of rural micro-insurance and inspiration ①

Small rural insurance in recent years in developing countries by the extensive attention of the innovative business. Micro-insurance schemes in rural India in many developing countries take the lead in implementation of the positive effects of economic security, by the extensive attention of the international community for China's rural micro-insurance development has an important inspiration. Draw on the experience of India, China should pay full attention to micro-insurance play an important role in social risk management; government should actively support the rapid development of micro-insurance, according to local conditions, to play the market and the rural grass-roots community organizations role in product innovation, strengthen publicity, Small expand the insurance market; strengthen supervision of insurance for small and risk control to achieve sustainable development.

Key words: rural micro-insurance, small medical insurance scheme; microcredit

Germany's medical insurance and care insurance

German statutory health insurance premiums paid by the insured depends largely on income, and enjoy medical insurance services are not to pay the costs vary depending on the number of "high-income earners to help low-income, the rich help the poor, solidarity, social A total economy, reflects fair "Germany is the purpose of social medical insurance. German law provides "care insurance medical insurance to follow the principle" that all health insurance policyholders must participate in the care insurance. Germany's health insurance and health care insurance system in China has an important inspiration.

Key words: Germany; medical insurance; care insurance, social mutual aid

City insurance in the United States "red line discrimination" on the issue

"Red line discrimination (redlining)" in the United States has a specific meaning, but also the insurance field on one of the hot issues. This paper from car insurance, mortgage insurance and other areas of public service perspective summed up the three "red line discrimination" of actual performance. And from racial discrimination and lack of credit at two levels of "red line discrimination" and view the formation mechanism of dispute. That understanding the race issue is still "red line discrimination" is an important perspective, to fully understand the "red line discrimination" is complex and profound socio-economic background of a reasonable public policy formulation and development strategies, and safeguard social fairness and justice from a regional level Deal with "red line discrimination" and to reduce the negative externalities; give full play to the strength of the market-distorting negative impact on the corrective role.

Key words: inner city; red line discrimination; mortgage vehicle insurance; social justice

Sydney Olympic Games operation mechanism of insurance

Sydney Olympic Organizing Committee in the insurance consultants and insurance with the help of sponsors, in the insurance mechanism has accumulated rich experience in general insurance scheme, including comprehensive liability insurance, comprehensive property insurance, marine insurance, life insurance and workers compensation insurance. Developed before the Sydney Olympic Organizing Committee to four years after the detailed work plans, and insurance companies to establish a sound mechanism of claims. Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee should set up departments to buy time, the work plan, the exercise area before the Sydney Olympic Organizing Committee to study.

Key words: Sydney Olympic Organizing Committee; general insurance schemes; claims management

U.S. agricultural insurance mechanism of financial subsidies recalled ① - and the policies of the Chinese agricultural insurance subsidies Analysis

U.S. crop insurance subsidies to promote the mechanism for the rapid development of crop insurance, at the same time, the huge financial subsidies to farmers also, insurance companies, and other microeconomic subjects of an impact on their experience and lessons is: not satisfactory policy performance, financial subsidies The dissipation highlights, increasing financial pressure. China's agricultural insurance based on the existing system of financial subsidies to the characteristics by improving the agricultural insurance system for the financial subsidies: to increase the premium subsidies to farmers. Improve the insurer's financial subsidies, and gradually perfect the system of financial support.

Key words: agricultural insurance, financial subsidies; experiences and lessons learned; improve the system

China's growing insurance industry to achieve exploration model

Currently, there are more than 40 developed and developing countries to build a more robust agricultural insurance system, and the cause of development in China is still in a formative stage. From the insurance industry successfully developed cultivation practices, China's insurance companies should provide the option of a variety of insurance products through government-led protection of a low, low cost of compulsory insurance, high-security high-cost type of voluntary insurance, raised insurance products in China planting And the entry point for effective model. Further through the legislative system changes to achieve the systematic cultivation of the comprehensive promotion of the insurance industry.

Key words: crop insurance; Experience; actual conditions; achieve mode